Gay Lussacs Law Definition Chemistry

Gay Lussac's Law Definition ChemistryGay Lussac's Law Definition is a well established, natural chemical reaction that occurs in all living organisms. It works on a simple principle: Every chemical reaction takes place between two atoms and one electron. These two atoms move towards each other with an equal frequency, or speed. The speed of the atoms determines the total number of energy levels that are in the reaction.Let's look at this from a common sense level. Atoms and electrons move closer to each other as they come into contact, with no resistance. The closer they get, the more energy is stored in the atom and the greater the number of energy levels it can store.If the energy levels in the atoms of an organic molecule (chemically created by adding oxygen, nitrogen, or some other elements) are equal, there will be no formation of an excess of energy. If there is a more positive charge than a negatively charged atom, there will be no bonding between them.If two atoms are placed in close proximity to each other, the rate of the process increases as the proximity of the atoms causes a greater amount of energy to be stored. The stronger bonds between the atoms cause the molecules to move closer together, eventually forming an even stronger bond and then moving even closer to each other.Long molecules such as viruses and cells are typically harder to form than those of shorter ones. In order for a virus to form in an unaltered cell, a very different set of forces must be found to be in place, yet these are the same forces that occur in living matter.The 'lens' that is observed in cell structure is actually a unique point of view of how the rest of the molecule in the cell's genome is formed. This is a special point where electrons are missing, making certain pairs of atoms move toward each other much more rapidly.However, it's possible that this 'lens' is not nearly as perfect as it may seem. For example, if the gap between these two atoms were much smaller, t hen the molecules would not move as quickly, but with a larger gap, the molecules move much faster and become incredibly complex.Gay Lussac's Law Definition Chemistry can be used as a guide in figuring out the properties of any type of chemical. The inability of the molecules to form bonds with each other causes them to form such exotic structures that they were not previously thought possible. One day, a technology such as this will allow us to make usable materials that would have never been able to be created without such a technology.

4 Ways to Network as a Shy Student

4 Ways to Network as a Shy Student Image via Pixabay 1. Reach out to professors: One of the easiest ways to start networking as a student is to get to know your professors. I know it sounds kind of intimidating but I promise you that the very reason professors are there is because of you! Reach out to each of your professors whether via email or in person to set up an appointment at the start of the semester. Appointments by nature sound off-putting but these are just a chance for professors to get to know you better and for you to get to know them better! As well as simply knowing professors on a personal basis, building a connection with them can bring you all sorts of opportunities like internships, independent research gigs, and even full-time jobs! 2. Don’t Apologize: It’s a natural instinct to want to say “sorry” when approaching or reaching out to someone. Though you may think it’s the most respectful thing to do, it shows the person you’re trying to network with that you’re not confident and most likely lacking professionalism, Meridith Levinson  of CIO.com notes. When approaching someone to build a connection, say something along the lines of “Hello! I don’t mean to take up much of your time, but…” This not only shows that you are considering of their time, but it also shows that you are confident and strong in your communication skills. If you absolutely feel the urge to say that five letter word, just mutter it to yourself after you’re done talking to the person so they don’t hear it! Image via Pixabay 3. Find Common Interests: What better way to build connections than to find common interests with others? Josh Steimle of Entrepreneur.com states, “when reaching out to someone, always do your research to learn a few things about them, find an interest you have in common, and ask them about it to break the ice. If you struggle to find a common interest, become interested in something they have experience with by researching it and coming up with some questions on the topic.” You can find people with common interests through university social media pages on Facebook or Twitter, or by simply exploring different organizations and clubs around campus! Doing so will not only help you to meet new people, but it will also expose you to new areas on campus that you may not have known! 4. Be Humble and Always Listen: When meeting someone new, especially someone you plan to either collaborate with or network with in the future, you want to always be humble (and that goes for all walks of life as well). No one likes or appreciates when someone constantly gloats and brags about their accomplishments and accolades, it comes off as arrogant and conceited, making you unlikable. Just remember that it’s OK to be confident, but never arrogant. Also, when networking, take time to listen to what the person has to say about their job, their accomplishments, etc. It will show that you care about what they have to say! Networking as an introverted person is not the easiest task. There’s no denying the fact that it can be hard to put yourself out there and be vulnerable to others. However, through slow and easy steps, you will find that it will be way less painful and overwhelming than you thought! As always, good luck!

The Problem with Trumps Military Transgender Ban

The Problem with Trump's Military Transgender Ban https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/890193981585444864 (Reordered chronologically) This shocking and divisive news has been a prominent topic of discussion since its announcement for many reasons. First, the decision to exclude transgender Americans from serving in the military is discriminatory based on gender, plain and simple. Banning the entire transgender community from serving in the military based on medical costs may seem reasonable at first, but the logic dwindles when we take into consideration the gender specific medical costs already covered by the military. “[D]ata …showed in 2014, the Pentagon spent $84.24 million on 1.18 million prescriptions for eight different erectile dysfunction drugs like Cialis and Levitra.” The price tag of only  one medical aspect specific to men, and a medically unnecessary one at that, is $84.24 million dollars. There is a severe lack of comprehensive data regarding military spending on women’s health such as gynecological care, contraceptives, and sanitary products for periods, but in 2015 “the military’s health insurance program, provide[d] inpatient and outpatient care for more than 200,000 active-duty servicewomen and many female military spouses,” and “on U.S. military bases, overall contraceptive use ranges from 50 percent to 88 percent.” Though we lack a monetary figure to represent these women, it stands to reason that health care specific to women is also extremely expensive. In comparison to the medical costs specific to the binary genders already in place in the US military, it is estimated that the cost of gender transition related surgeries and hormone therapy in the military “would range from $2.4 million to $8.4 million per year, an increase of [0.04] to 0.13 percent in health care spending. That is, according to the report, ‘an amount that will have little impact on and represents an exceedingly small proportion of (Active Component) health care expenditures and overall [Department of Defense] health care expenditures.’” The US military budget for 2017 is $593 billion. Not million, billion. Sometimes we like to think that one million and one billion are figures that are comparable to one another, but, for size comparison, one million seconds is 11.5 days, whereas one billion seconds is 37.7 years. With the medical costs the military covers which are already specific to gender, how can we justify not extending health care to transgender ind ividuals, especially when that care costs a fraction of a single percent of the overall budget and is thousands of millions of dollars less than the gender specific healthcare already covered? http://spyhollywood.com/gays-in-the-military-a-brief-history/growing-up-gay-in-a-military-family_plaid-zebra/ Another issue with the idea of a transgender ban is blatant government ignorance of the fact that not all transgender individuals opt to have their bodies surgically altered and/or opt for hormone therapy. A study performed in 2015 suggested that “Only a fraction of active duty transgender service members were likely to seek medical treatment RAND gave a high-end estimate that of active-duty troops [an estimated 12,800], 130 would want gender transitionâ€"related surgeries and 140 would want transition-related hormone therapy.” Knowing this, will the ban prohibit transgender individuals that do not opt for transition related health services from serving in the military as well, and if so, how will the ban on those individuals be justified (aside from being overtly discriminatory)? These figures prove that the medical costs of transition specific treatment were simply used as an excuse to ostracize the transgender community and capitalize on the aspect of being transgender that mo st cisgender people do not understand: the medical aspect. Additionally, the biggest problem with Trumps tweets is that they left so many unanswered questions. Will the ban take effect immediately or will there be an adjustment period? What will happen to the already enlisted transgender personnel? Will the military compensate the transgender people that it discharges, or will they be left high and dry without benefits? https://pixabay.com/en/rainbow-flag-gay-friendly-13902/ While the notion of this regressive and discriminatory policy is severely disheartening, it is not law yet. Trump tweeted the news of the ban before any official guidance had been given from the White House to the Department of Defense to officiate and enforce the ban, and the DOD was reportedly just as surprised as the American people at the tweets. Thus, many of these questions have not yet been addressed by policymakers either. As of July 31st, a Department of Defense (DOD) spokesman confirmed that, “the White House has reached out to the Pentagon to begin drafting official guidance to ban transgender people from serving in the military.” Any able-bodied person who is willing to lay their life down for their country, regardless of gender identity, is to be respected and honored for such. This proposed ban is a testament to the governments unwillingness to make progressive changes to support each and every American citizen, and it is telling the transgender community that their identity is too much of a burden, using Trumps word of choice, to accept their humble sacrifice for the country they love. We await the official report detailing what the ban will entail, and, in the meantime, we must stand together with the transgender community and remind them that their service is valuable and we will fight this senseless and discriminatory policy of exclusion with them.

Rutgers Camden Tutoring Program Review

Rutgers Camden Tutoring Program ReviewRutgers Camden Tutoring is a program that has received both praise and criticism in the past. The program offers kids a great learning experience through the high school years and provides some extra academic assistance for those students who need it, but has also been called a scam by parents of students who used the service.The reason this controversy came up in the first place was because of how students were compensated. These children had to work for their tuition, as well as meet other requirements that were placed upon them to take part in the program. When this program first started, they offered scholarships to children from low income families or were known to be able to offer them tuition.Recently, there has been a lot of controversy regarding the placement of students. In fact, there have been many students who have been barred from taking the program after accusations of cheating and falsifying records, in some cases even becoming pr egnant. These accusations against the program are unfounded and most of the students who did not participate were actually doing fine with their classes and doing well in school.Scholarships are not the only thing that comes with the program, however. Teachers are available as well. Students can attend lectures, chat with the teachers, and even schedule field trips for an extra lesson.Tutoring is offered throughout the year, but during school holidays and vacations the parents of some students were warned that their children could not attend. The exact reason why this happened has not been released. However, it is important to note that those students who were enrolled at Rutgers Camden Tutoring did get to attend all classes, including those who were taken by the parent.The problem with the program may have originated with some parents who took the program without asking the tutors about fees or scholarships. They also did not know what to expect from the service, as the tutors were unfamiliar with the programs they were teaching.If you are looking for a program that will help your child along, check out Rutgers Camden Tutoring. This program is a good choice for students in grades six through twelve.

Is Coke Chemistry a Threat to Your Health?

Is Coke Chemistry a Threat to Your Health?Ever wondered why there is a problem with Coke Chemistry? Coke Chemical consists of aspartame, a food additive that is used to imitate natural sugar. People who are obese have trouble processing aspartame, so they have issues with the effects it has on their bodies. The FDA has determined that aspartame is not a safe food additive, so it is no longer being sold in US.Some people notice that their headaches and stomach problems disappear after they stop taking aspartame. These are all symptoms of a chemical imbalance in the body, so it's important to treat them. The important thing to know is how to recognize that your body is having a chemical imbalance and how to cure it.The biggest problem with most of the drugs out there is that they are processed by the body, and not the other way around. When you take them, your body gets the stimulant, and as a result, gets pumped full of it. If you are taking a drug that the body doesn't need, you can expect all of these symptoms.One of the most common side effect of taking drugs is the irritability that comes along with it. You can use cocaine or heroin, and just ignore it. However, if you take prescription drugs, you can expect that you will feel irritation but not actually become aggressive.People notice changes in their appearance too. Not only do they lose weight, but they develop hideous pock marks on their face, as well as sores around their mouth and throat. Again, this is not because the drugs are actually causing these things to happen, but because it is the way that the body reacts to them.When you go to the doctor, the first thing that you will be asked is how you are feeling. This question will turnup many of the same things as above, except for pain.Pain medications, pain killers, and analgesics are just some of the reasons why people become aggressive. But for those who are really serious about combating the problem, there is another option. The most effective meth od is using a multi-vitamin designed to balance chemicals throughout the body.

Should I Go To Tulane University

Should I Go To Tulane University The tutors behind Varsity Tutors are not just here to teach theyre sharing their college experiences as well. Justin is a Boston tutor specializing in all levels of Spanish tutoring. He is a graduate of Tulane University with a Bachelors degree in Spanish and Philosophy. Check out his review of his alma mater: VT: Describe the campus setting and transportation options.How urban or safe is the campus?Are there buses or do you need a car/bike? Justin: New Orleans has a strong streetcar / bus system. A car is not essential, but if you want to move around quickly, it definitely helps. Otherwise, if you are not in a huge rush, the streetcar will get you from uptown to the downtown/French Quarter area easily. VT: How available are the professors, academic advisers, and teaching assistants? Justin: The professors at Tulane are of the highest caliber. All the professors I had were knowledgeable in their subject matter, willing to meet to discuss points of difficulty, kind, and friendly. They have their PhDs, so they are experts in their subject matter. Tulane Professors are definitely worthy of respect. VT: How would you describe the dorm life rooms, dining options, location, socialization opportunities with other students? Justin: Tulanes location is great directly across the street from Audubon Park in Uptown New Orleans. Dorm life offers a wide array of options from single rooms with nothing but a desk, a window, a twin bed and some shelves, to the Willow Dormitory, a complex living community of four-room suites with Wi-Fi connections and the most modern facilities. Living on campus for one year is highly recommended so you can meet your core group of friends, but then many people rent apartments / rooms in houses after freshman year. As for dining options, Bruff Commons has food that is decent, but not great. There is a wide variety, but a lot of it is not that healthy. Obviously, New Orleans is a major city, so there is all the variety that you would find in New York, Chicago, or Boston. You can order to your dorm room/home or head out for pick-up. Personally, I recommend Caf Ninos on South Carrolton Avenue, or the Camilla Grille on the same street. In fact, South Carrollton has a lot of terrific places and it is within a 10-minute walk from campus. In terms of socialization opportunities on campus you will never be without a chance to meet your fellow students. Tulane is a very social campus with much opportunity for social events, get-togethers, dinners, clubs, etc. Just put yourself out there and you will be sure to fall in with your group. VT: Which majors/programs are best represented and supported?What did you study and why? Did the university do a good job supporting your particular area of study? Justin: A.B. Freeman School of Business perhaps boasts the largest cadre of majors at Tulane. The Law School is well known for its contribution to the field as is the Medical School. I studied Spanish and Philosophy. Yes, Tulane did a wonderful job supporting my field of study. Out of Tulane, I was able to get a job as a Spanish teacher, get a Masters Degree from the #3 ranked Spanish Masters Program in the U.S., and then go on to study at Vanderbilt Universitys #1 world-wide ranked PhD program. I was accepted along with six other students in 2007, so I would say that Tulane, as the start of the journey, did more than enough to prepare me. VT: How easy or difficult was it for you to meet people and make friends as a freshman? Does Greek life play a significant role in the campus social life? Justin: Not difficult at all. Your hall-mates will socialize with you. Greek life is there, but it is not essential to have a great group of friends. Some may even say that the additional cost of fraternity/sorority dues is not worth it. I joined a fraternity, but it did not take on a central role in my social life. In fact, I ended up hanging out with people from other fraternities and sticking close to the core group of friends I made freshman year. VT: How helpful is the Career Centerand other student support services?Do many reputable companies recruit on campus? Justin: The Career Center is great. Tulane Alumni Services is great. All of them are excellent resources for helping you get started on the career path. Yes, there are several career fairs each year. Tulane is among our nations best universities, so you can bet that the top companies set up a booth at the Career Fairs. VT: How are the various study areas such aslibraries, the student union, and dorm lounges? Are they over-crowded, easily available, spacious? Justin: The library is readily available to all students. It was never over-crowded. The student union is terrific. There are coffee shops, food, an information desk, and a book store there as well as multiple tables all over the place to study, socialize, eat, have a coffee, etc. VT: Describe the surrounding town. What kinds of outside establishments / things to do are there that make it fun, boring, or somewhere in between?To what extent do students go to the downtown area of the city versus staying near campus? Justin: Well, Tulane is in New Orleans, LA. There is fun to be had all over. If bars are your thing, there are fancy places and dives all over. If you like night clubs, then maybe the French Quarter is for you. If you want to spend time checking out historical sites, there is no shortage at all as New Orleans has a culturally rich heritage. VT: How big or small is the student body? Were you generally pleased or displeased with the typical class sizes? Justin: When I was there from 1997-2001, there were approximately 7,000 undergraduate students and 4,000 graduate students. The typical class size was 15-20. I was pleased with this. VT: Describe one memorable experience with a professor and/or class. Perhaps one you loved the most or one youregretthe most. Justin: Hands down Professor Brumfelds Russian Art and Architecture class. I needed it for an elective. The man spoke the way great writers write. I have only met one other teacher with his eloquence and delivery. He should write speeches for Presidents. He had the entire class of seniors completely captivated with his descriptions of the iconic art of the 11th-13th century Russia. I got a B on the final exam and was so proud of myself. There was so much information to cover. People studied for it for weeks together. He taught so well that people who had no business studying Russian Architecture were motivated to do the best they could. I will never forget his class. Check out Justins tutoring profile. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent the views of Varsity Tutors.

How to Tune a Ukulele A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners

How to Tune a Ukulele A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners Sign up successful If youre looking for something specific, you can jump around throughout the guide here: Ukulele Standard Tuning How to Tune a Ukulele With a Piano How to Tune a Ukulele With a Chromatic Tuner How to Tune a Ukulele by Ear How to Tune Different Types of Ukuleles Alternate Tunings Ukulele Tuning Apps How to Tune a Ukulele If you know nothing about tuning a stringed instrument, check out this video on how to tune a guitar from world famous guitarist and songwriter James Taylor. This video covers a lot of details about tuning in general, and you can apply the same principles to tuning a ukulele. Standard Ukulele Tuning The ukulele is typically tuned to the notes G, C, E, and A. This has been the standard since the advent of the internet. Before the internet, you could find people who tune their ukulele to A, D, F#, B or even fiddle tunings like A, D, A, D or G, C, D, G. How to Tune a Ukulele With a Piano Today, most of the books and videos you will find use G4, C4, E4, A4 as the standard ukulele tuning. The fours behind the letters represent the octave that you will find on the piano. So if you happen to have a keyboard or a piano, C4 is known as middle C. If you tune your ukulele to match middle C, then the E above middle C, and the A above middle C, and then tune the first string to the G above middle C, you will be in what is known as standard ukulele tuning. Heres a good illustration of how to tune a ukulele with a piano from The Uke website. Image courtesy The Uke How to Tune a Ukulele With a Tuner So what do you do if you dont have a piano? Well, you will need to get yourself a chromatic tuner. I use a Korg chromatic tuner, and I love it! I have tried a lot of other tuners, but the Korg is my favorite. Korg CA-40 Electronic Chromatic Tuner  Image Courtesy Musicians Friend You can purchase several brands of tuners for a reasonable price at places like Musicians Friend and Sweetwater. You will find that there are different types of tuners, and not all tuners are chromatic.  Which leads us to our next topic, what exactly does chromatic mean? If a tuner is chromatic, it enables you to tune to all of the notes. Guitar tuners are not chromatic. Theyre calibrated to only pick up the notes that are used on the guitar in standard tuning. Which means they can tune E, A, D, G, B and E, but its hard to tune to C or F# or Bb, or any of the remaining notes that arent covered by a regular guitar tuner. For this reason, I advise all of my students to buy chromatic tuners instead of standard guitar tuners. How to Tune a Ukulele  by Ear If you get a used or vintage ukulele, you probably wont have a tuner. Instead you might get some really old books or brochures and something called a pitch pipe. A pitch pipe is a neat mini harmonica that plays one note at a time when you blow into it. In some cases, you may have a pitch pipe that wasnt designed for your instrument, so you have to know how to tune one string to the pitch pipe, and the other strings to the first string. This can be a bit of a challenge, but I’m going to walk you through it. First, you need a reference note. Typically your reference note is middle C. When you blow on the pitch pipe, or play the note on the piano, you hear middle C. Then, you must twist the tuner on your ukulele until it matches. If you twist counter clockwise on the first two strings, you will tighten the string, and make it go up in pitch. So if you start on B, and twist counter-clockwise, you will be somewhere between B and C. If you keep twisting, you will finally get to C. But don’t twist too far, or you will overshoot C and end up on C# or somewhere between C and C#. Likewise, if you twist clockwise, you will go down in pitch. So if you are on B again, and you twist clockwise, you will end up on Bb, or somewhere between B and Bb. So when you match middle C on your pitch pipe to middle C on your ukulele, youre ready to start tuning your ukulele to the notes on the fretboard on the C string. Now think about it for a minute: You have your ukulele tuned to middle C, and now you need to get an E sound, so you can try to tune the next string to that E. If you count up from C, you will eventually get to E. The first fret is C#, the second fret up from there is D. Then the third fret is D#, and then finally the fourth fret is the E youre looking for. If you hold down the fourth fret, you will hear an E that you can tune the next string to. Now remember, when you get to tuning that E string, youre on the opposite side of the neck, so twist in the opposite direction than you did before. Twisting clockwise will tighten the string and make it go up in pitch. Twisting counter-clockwise makes the string loosen or go down in pitch. Now that you have your E, count up until you find the G (which is before the A string) and tune it. The first fret on the E string will be F, the second fret F#, and the third will be the G. Once you get the G string tuned (which seems like you’re going forward and backward on the ukulele, but that’s OK), count up to the A note. The first fret is G# and the second fret is A. Now you can tune to that pitch, and you’ll be all in tune. A final note on tuning: Once you think you get your instrument in tune, your strings will probably have stretched a bit. Sometimes, depending on your strings, the humidity, the types of tuners you have, and the type of wood your ukulele is made of, your ukulele will not be in tune immediately after you tune it. So you have to go back through the whole process two or three times to fine tune your ukulele. Once youve done this, you’re ready to play! How to Tune Different Types of Ukuleles Now you might have one of several types of ukuleles. Theyre not all the same. Here is a chart that covers the various types of ukuleles and the notes of their standard tuning. Alternate Tunings You can create a few fun alternate tunings by tuning each string up or down two steps. I find that if you try tuning more than two steps, you will break strings. So if standard tuning is G, C, E, A, then try tuning the G to a G# or an A, and make chords out of the open tuning. What goes with G#? The E chord would work. So you could tune your C down to a B, leave the E alone, and keep the A or tune it to a G# as well. You could try Open C tuning and tune your top A down to a G. Or try C7 tuning, and tune the A to a Bb. There are so many different types of tunings that you can try. If you find an alternate tuning you like, let us know in the comments section below! Heres a refresher on basic ukulele chords. Ukulele Tuning Apps There are a lot of good ukulele tuning apps out there. Here are a few I recommend checking out: iPhone Free Chromatic Tuner This free app works for both standard tuning and alternate tuning. You can download Free Chromatic Tuner from the iTunes app store. Tuner Lite Tuner lite turns your smartphone into a chromatic tuner and pitch pipe. Android Fine Chromatic Tuner Fine Chromatic Tuner uses the built-in mic on your phone to help you get your uke in tune. Chord! You can download Chord! for both iPhone and Android.  Theres a free and paid version, and the app allows you to find multiple tunings for lots of different stringed instruments, as well as chords, scales, and other useful information. Now you know several ways to get your uke in tune. Ukulele tuning may seem difficult at first, but find the method that works best for you and keep practicing! Try practicing with these 10 easy ukulele songs. Have you learned any cool tricks that help you tune your ukulele? Share them with us in the comments below!   Post Author:  Willy M. Willy M. teaches guitar, ukulele, and mandolin lessons in Winston Salem, NC. Hes the author of the Dead Mans Tuning series of mandolin songbooks, and is a former member of the American Federation of Musicians. Willy has been teaching for 20 years, and his students have ranged in age from young children to folks in their 80s.  Learn more about Willy here! Interested in Private Lessons? Search thousands of teachers for local and live, online lessons. Sign up for convenient, affordable private lessons today! Search for Your Teacher How to Tune a Ukulele A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners Sign up successful If youre looking for something specific, you can jump around throughout the guide here: Ukulele Standard Tuning How to Tune a Ukulele With a Piano How to Tune a Ukulele With a Chromatic Tuner How to Tune a Ukulele by Ear How to Tune Different Types of Ukuleles Alternate Tunings Ukulele Tuning Apps How to Tune a Ukulele If you know nothing about tuning a stringed instrument, check out this video on how to tune a guitar from world famous guitarist and songwriter James Taylor. This video covers a lot of details about tuning in general, and you can apply the same principles to tuning a ukulele. Standard Ukulele Tuning The ukulele is typically tuned to the notes G, C, E, and A. This has been the standard since the advent of the internet. Before the internet, you could find people who tune their ukulele to A, D, F#, B or even fiddle tunings like A, D, A, D or G, C, D, G. How to Tune a Ukulele With a Piano Today, most of the books and videos you will find use G4, C4, E4, A4 as the standard ukulele tuning. The fours behind the letters represent the octave that you will find on the piano. So if you happen to have a keyboard or a piano, C4 is known as middle C. If you tune your ukulele to match middle C, then the E above middle C, and the A above middle C, and then tune the first string to the G above middle C, you will be in what is known as standard ukulele tuning. Heres a good illustration of how to tune a ukulele with a piano from The Uke website. Image courtesy The Uke How to Tune a Ukulele With a Tuner So what do you do if you dont have a piano? Well, you will need to get yourself a chromatic tuner. I use a Korg chromatic tuner, and I love it! I have tried a lot of other tuners, but the Korg is my favorite. Korg CA-40 Electronic Chromatic Tuner  Image Courtesy Musicians Friend You can purchase several brands of tuners for a reasonable price at places like Musicians Friend and Sweetwater. You will find that there are different types of tuners, and not all tuners are chromatic.  Which leads us to our next topic, what exactly does chromatic mean? If a tuner is chromatic, it enables you to tune to all of the notes. Guitar tuners are not chromatic. Theyre calibrated to only pick up the notes that are used on the guitar in standard tuning. Which means they can tune E, A, D, G, B and E, but its hard to tune to C or F# or Bb, or any of the remaining notes that arent covered by a regular guitar tuner. For this reason, I advise all of my students to buy chromatic tuners instead of standard guitar tuners. How to Tune a Ukulele  by Ear If you get a used or vintage ukulele, you probably wont have a tuner. Instead you might get some really old books or brochures and something called a pitch pipe. A pitch pipe is a neat mini harmonica that plays one note at a time when you blow into it. In some cases, you may have a pitch pipe that wasnt designed for your instrument, so you have to know how to tune one string to the pitch pipe, and the other strings to the first string. This can be a bit of a challenge, but I’m going to walk you through it. First, you need a reference note. Typically your reference note is middle C. When you blow on the pitch pipe, or play the note on the piano, you hear middle C. Then, you must twist the tuner on your ukulele until it matches. If you twist counter clockwise on the first two strings, you will tighten the string, and make it go up in pitch. So if you start on B, and twist counter-clockwise, you will be somewhere between B and C. If you keep twisting, you will finally get to C. But don’t twist too far, or you will overshoot C and end up on C# or somewhere between C and C#. Likewise, if you twist clockwise, you will go down in pitch. So if you are on B again, and you twist clockwise, you will end up on Bb, or somewhere between B and Bb. So when you match middle C on your pitch pipe to middle C on your ukulele, youre ready to start tuning your ukulele to the notes on the fretboard on the C string. Now think about it for a minute: You have your ukulele tuned to middle C, and now you need to get an E sound, so you can try to tune the next string to that E. If you count up from C, you will eventually get to E. The first fret is C#, the second fret up from there is D. Then the third fret is D#, and then finally the fourth fret is the E youre looking for. If you hold down the fourth fret, you will hear an E that you can tune the next string to. Now remember, when you get to tuning that E string, youre on the opposite side of the neck, so twist in the opposite direction than you did before. Twisting clockwise will tighten the string and make it go up in pitch. Twisting counter-clockwise makes the string loosen or go down in pitch. Now that you have your E, count up until you find the G (which is before the A string) and tune it. The first fret on the E string will be F, the second fret F#, and the third will be the G. Once you get the G string tuned (which seems like you’re going forward and backward on the ukulele, but that’s OK), count up to the A note. The first fret is G# and the second fret is A. Now you can tune to that pitch, and you’ll be all in tune. A final note on tuning: Once you think you get your instrument in tune, your strings will probably have stretched a bit. Sometimes, depending on your strings, the humidity, the types of tuners you have, and the type of wood your ukulele is made of, your ukulele will not be in tune immediately after you tune it. So you have to go back through the whole process two or three times to fine tune your ukulele. Once youve done this, you’re ready to play! How to Tune Different Types of Ukuleles Now you might have one of several types of ukuleles. Theyre not all the same. Here is a chart that covers the various types of ukuleles and the notes of their standard tuning. Alternate Tunings You can create a few fun alternate tunings by tuning each string up or down two steps. I find that if you try tuning more than two steps, you will break strings. So if standard tuning is G, C, E, A, then try tuning the G to a G# or an A, and make chords out of the open tuning. What goes with G#? The E chord would work. So you could tune your C down to a B, leave the E alone, and keep the A or tune it to a G# as well. You could try Open C tuning and tune your top A down to a G. Or try C7 tuning, and tune the A to a Bb. There are so many different types of tunings that you can try. If you find an alternate tuning you like, let us know in the comments section below! Heres a refresher on basic ukulele chords. Ukulele Tuning Apps There are a lot of good ukulele tuning apps out there. Here are a few I recommend checking out: iPhone Free Chromatic Tuner This free app works for both standard tuning and alternate tuning. You can download Free Chromatic Tuner from the iTunes app store. Tuner Lite Tuner lite turns your smartphone into a chromatic tuner and pitch pipe. Android Fine Chromatic Tuner Fine Chromatic Tuner uses the built-in mic on your phone to help you get your uke in tune. Chord! You can download Chord! for both iPhone and Android.  Theres a free and paid version, and the app allows you to find multiple tunings for lots of different stringed instruments, as well as chords, scales, and other useful information. Now you know several ways to get your uke in tune. Ukulele tuning may seem difficult at first, but find the method that works best for you and keep practicing! Try practicing with these 10 easy ukulele songs. Have you learned any cool tricks that help you tune your ukulele? Share them with us in the comments below!   Post Author:  Willy M. Willy M. teaches guitar, ukulele, and mandolin lessons in Winston Salem, NC. Hes the author of the Dead Mans Tuning series of mandolin songbooks, and is a former member of the American Federation of Musicians. Willy has been teaching for 20 years, and his students have ranged in age from young children to folks in their 80s.  Learn more about Willy here! Interested in Private Lessons? Search thousands of teachers for local and live, online lessons. Sign up for convenient, affordable private lessons today! Search for Your Teacher